By Maria Kippler, Associate Professor, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
Fluoride occurs naturally in drinking water, especially well water, but the concentrations are generally low in public water supplies. In some countries, such as the US, Canada, UK, Australia and Ireland, fluoride is commonly added to the public water supply at around 0.7mg per litre to prevent tooth decay. The World Health Organization guideline for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5mg per litre.
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By Max Bowden, PhD Candidate, impact and influence of the Grateful Dead, University of Essex
Playing an early gig at a coffee house, the Dead were described by the host as ‘just a panic to watch’.
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By Phil Tomlinson, Professor of Industrial Strategy, Co-Director Centre for Governance, Regulation and Industrial Strategy (CGR&IS), University of Bath
David Bailey, Professor of Business Economics, University of Birmingham
Employers in the UK are about to be hit with a hefty tax rise. From April 1 2025, their national insurance contributions are rising to 15% on salaries above £5,000, instead of 13.8% on salaries above £9,100.
Unsurprisingly, business owners are not happy. Since the change was announced last autumn, many have complained about the effect it will have on their ability to invest and hire staff. Care homes, supermarkets…
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By Al Chukwuma Okoli, Reader (Associate Professor) Department of Political Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria, Federal University Lafia
The emergency declaration in the state is likely to escalate the activities of militants and inter gang war in the area.
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By Frans Viljoen, Professor of International Human Rights Law, Centre for Human Rights, and acting SARChI Chair in International Constitutional Law, University of Pretoria
US President Donald Trump’s second term has brought South Africa’s domestic human rights record into stark international prominence. Based on misinformation, Trump’s anti-South African campaign seems designed to weaken South Africa’s image as an international torch bearer for human rights.
At the heart of the issue lies American resentment about South Africa’s submission in December 2023 to the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
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By David J Hornsby, Professor of International Affairs and the Vice-Provost and Associate Vice-President (Academic), Carleton University
David Black, Professor of International Relations and Development, Dalhousie University
Edward Akuffo, Associate Professor and Department Head, Political Science, University of The Fraser Valley
Thomas Kwasi Tieku, Professor of Politics and International Relations, King's University College, Western University
Canada has taken an important first step towards a more strategic, intentional and mutually beneficial relationship with Africa. But it must provide more concrete plans for its implementation.
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By Anthony Scott, Professor of Health Economics and Director, Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University
Jing Jing Li, Senior Research Fellow and Team Lead for Health Technology Assessment, Centre for Health Economics, Monash University
Peter Ghijben, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Health Economics, Monash University
All this talk of a US-Australia trade war has left consumers wondering what this means for them. At least in the short term, it looks like good news.
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By Stig Jarle Hansen, Professor of International Relations, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
After its battlefield defeat, it’s unclear if the Islamic State in Somalia retains the ability to extort money from the business community.
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By Kimberly Dienes, Lecturer in Clinical and Health Psychology, Swansea University
In the middle of winter, when lack of sunlight can lead to low energy and low mood, we are expected to make new year resolutions. But why not wait till March, for spring, when the returning sunlight gives us the energy and improved mood to tackle fundamentally difficult things like starting a new diet or exercise regime? We need spring resolutions, not new year resolutions.
In winter,…
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By Noel Anderson, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto
An attempt at a military invasion of Canada would be catastrophic for the U.S. Short of a desire for self-sabotage, there is no incentive for Americans to undertake such a reckless course.
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