Spain-Portugal blackout: what could have caused it, and how can we prevent another?

By Carlos Gutiérrez Hita, Profesor titular de Universidad. Economía industrial (transporte, energía, telecomunicaciones), Universidad Miguel Hernández

On 28 April 2025, an unprecedented collapse of the Iberian Peninsula’s electricity grid brought Spain and Portugal to a standstill. The likelihood of this ever happening was extremely low and – speculation about its causes aside – the episode has caused serious social disruption, as well as economic losses at all levels.

Spain’s electricity…

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