Spain and Portugal power cut: how public and official responses have prevented this energy emergency from becoming a crisis

By Mar Rubio Varas, Catedrática de Historia e Instituciones Económicas, (UPNA). Investigadora del Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE), Universidad Pública de Navarra

For Spain and Portugal, 28 April 2025 will go down in history as the day of “el gran apagón”, the big blackout. The outage, which affected the two countries simultaneously, was one of the 15 largest power cuts in world history in terms of the number of people affected, with over 58 million people experiencing its consequences.

What made it particularly remarkable was not only its magnitude, but also the response by the authorities and the public. Unlike other major historical…

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