Estonia’s language and culture are becoming battlegrounds for independence from Putin’s Russia

By Juliette Bretan, PhD Candidate in English, University of Cambridge

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are once again feeling under threat from their larger neighbour, Russia. Throughout the 20th century the Baltic states had to fight Russia for their very existence. Now the legacy of this recent history looms large over contemporary regional geopolitics.

The Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014 and the subsequent full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 have reignited fears in all three countries.

Understandably, the Baltic states are now

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