Botox: six surprising uses that have nothing to do with smoothing wrinkles

By Philip Crilly, Associate Professor in Pharmacy Practice and Digital Public Health, Kingston University

Botulinum toxin, or Botox as it’s widely known, is famous for its ability to smooth away wrinkles. But hiding our frown lines from the world isn’t the reason early scientists started experimenting with this substance.

Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. In its most raw form, it can cause the deadly disease botulism. But in the form in which it’s used in cosmetic and medical industries, it’s so diluted and processed that this isn’t a risk.

Botox was first used medically in…

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