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Flat faces and difficulty breathing: how pet trends have harmed animal health – and what we can we do about it

By Jacqueline Boyd, Senior Lecturer in Animal Science, Nottingham Trent University

Dogs come in all shapes and sizes. We’ve moulded some of them to have large protruding eyes, sloping backs and shortened legs through selective breeding.

What is increasingly clear is that some of the extremes of physical shape, size and appearance seen in many dog breeds damage their health. Despite this, many of these breeds, such as French bulldogs, continue…

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